Podocyte

Podocyte is a cell type in renal corpuscle and wraps around the capillary of the glomerulus in the kidney. Renal corpuscle filters the blood, retaining large molecules such as proteins and filtering out smaller molecules such as water, salts, and sugars in the formation of urine. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that reside in the visceral layer of the Bowman\'s capsule.

Cell Ontology (CL) Information:

    CL ID: CL_0000653

    CL definition: A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized kidney epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. [database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm]

    Synonyms: glomerular visceral epithelial cell; glomerular podocyte; kidney podocyte; renal podocyte

    Cell hierarchy: glomerular visceral epithelial cell; glomerular podocyte; kidney podocyte; renal podocyte

    The cell hierarchy as defined by the Cell Ontology (CL):

Location - Anatomical Structure:

    Podocyte wraps around the capillary of the glomerulus in the kidney.

AS1	AS2	AS3	AS4	AS5
kidney (UBERON_0002113)	cortex of kidney (UBERON_0001225)	outer cortex of kidney (UBERON_0002189)	Glomerular Epithelium (UBERON_0004188)	visceral epithelial layer (UBERON_0006852)
kidney (UBERON_0002113)	renal cortex (UBERON_0001225)	renal column (UBERON_0001284)	Glomerular Epithelium (UBERON_0004188)	visceral epithelial layer (UBERON_0006852)
kidney (UBERON_0002113)	cortex of kidney (UBERON_0001225)	outer cortex of kidney (UBERON_0002189)	Glomerular Epithelium (UBERON_0004188)	visceral epithelial layer (UBERON_0006852)
kidney (UBERON_0002113)	renal cortex (UBERON_0001225)	renal column (UBERON_0001284)	Glomerular Epithelium (UBERON_0004188)	visceral epithelial layer (UBERON_0006852)

Connections and Vicinity:

     Podocytes are neighbors of many other cell types such as afferent and efferent arteriole endothelial cells, mesangial cell, etc.

    Check related connectome information: Renal Corpuscle connectome card page.

Cell Lineage:

     The kidney, including the kidney epithelial cells, arises from OSR1+ mesenchymal progenitor cells in the intermediate mesoderm. As a type of kidney epithelial cells, podocytes arise from cap mesenchyme progenitor cells and require activation of SIX2, PAX2 and WT1. Ref: Shankland et al., 2014.

Key Gene Ontology Terms associated with Podocyte:

• Regulation of glomerular filtration (GO_0003093): When podocytes contract, they cause closure of filtration slits, which further decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by reducing the surface area available for filtration.
• Podocyte foot process (GO_0098846): The podocyte foot processes called pedicels wrap around the capillaries and leave slits between them. Blood is filtered through these slits, each known as a filtration slit, slit diaphragm, or slit pore.

Cell Biomarkers:

    Podocyte-related biomarkers (Ref: HuBMAP ASCT-B Tables):

• NPHS1 (nephrin): OGG_3000004868. PR_000011365. HGNC: 7908. GeneCards: NPHS1. References: PMC6597610 , PMC7213795, PMC6597610
• NPHS2 (podocin): OGG_3000007827. PR_000011366. HGNC: 13394. GeneCards: NPHS2. References: PMC6597610, PMC7213795.
• PODXL (podocalyxin): OGG_3000005420. PR_000012955. HGNC:9171. GeneCards: PODXL. References: PMC6597610, PMC7213795, PMC6597610.
• PTPRQ (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q): OGG_3000374462. PR_000013477. HGNC: 9679. GeneCards: PTPRQ.

Ligands and Receptors expressed in Podocyte:

    Coming ...

Neighborhood cell types of Podocyte:

    The neighborhood cell types of Podocyte are described in detail in the Renal Corpuscle Cell Connectome page.

Literature mined Podocyte-related Gene-gene Interactions:

    Please find literature mined results using Ignet:

• Podocyte-related gene-gene interactions
• Podocyte-related gene-gene interaction network.

Gene Expression Profiles:

    Selected podocyte-associated gene expression studies:

• GSE1545: Human podocyte differentiation. Organism: human.
• E-GEOD-39441: Molecular fingerprint of the podocyte reveals novel gene regulatory networks. Organism: mouse.
• See more: GEO search, and ArrayExpress Search.

Pathways and Functional Maps:

    Podocyte-associated pathways and functional maps:

• Nephrin family interactions: Reactome: R-HSA-373753.
• See more: Reactome search.

Cell Line Cells:

    The following cell lines are available:

• Human podocyte cell line cells:
  • CIHP-1: Conditionally Immortalized Human Podocytes-1. Synonymes: AB8/13; AB 8/13; hiPOD. CLO_0037390. See also: CVCL_W186.
  • hAKPC-P: human Amniotic-fluid Kidney Progenitor Cells-Podocytes. CLO_0037391. See also: CVCL_YP01.
  • HGVEC.SV1: Human Glomerular Visceral Epithelial Cells.SV40 transformed 1. CLO_0037392. See also: CVCL_WW27.
  • HGVEC.SV1A4: Human Glomerular Visceral Epithelial Cells.SV40 transformed 1 clone A4. Synonymes: HGVEC.SV1 clone A4; HGVEC. CLO_0037393. See also: CVCL_WW28.
  • HUPEC 001 G0/G0. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_0037394. See also: CVCL_B0C8.
  • HUPEC 002 FSGS G0/G0. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_0037395. See also: CVCL_B0D0.
  • HUPEC 003 FSGS G0/G0. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_0037396. See also: CVCL_B0C9.
  • HUPEC 005 FSGS G1/G2. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_003739. See also: CVCL_B0CA.
  • STBCi028-A. Synonymes: SFC018-03-01; SFC018 clone 03-01. CLO_0037398. See also: CVCL_RB91.
  • STBCi321-A: Induced pluripotent stem cell. Synonymes: SFC-AD2-01; SB-AD2c1; AD2c1; SBAD02-01; SBAD2-01; SB AD2.1; SBAD2 clone 1. CLO_0037399. See also: CVCL_ZX54.
  • STBCi322-A: Induced pluripotent stem cell. Synonymes: SFC-AD3-01; SB-AD3c1; AD3c1; SBAD03-01; SBAD3-01; SBAD3-1; SB AD3.1; SBAD3 clone 1. CLO_0037420. See also: CVCL_ZX55.
• Mouse podocyte cell line cells:
  • E11 [Mouse]: CLO_0037384. CVCL_5737.
  • MPC-1: Mouse Podocyte Clone-1. Synonymes: MPC1. CLO_0037385. See also: CVCL_AS86.
  • MPC-5: Mouse Podocyte Clone-5. Synonymes: MPC5. CLO_0037386.See also: CVCL_AS87.
  • MPC-8: Mouse Podocyte Clone-8. Synonymes: MPC8. CLO_0037387. See also: CVCL_AS88.
  • SVI: derirved from adult mouse. CLO_0037388. See also: CVCL_5943.
• Rat podocyte cell line cells:
  • 2DNA1D7: Conditionally immortalized rat podocyte cell. CLO_0037389. See also: CVCL_XF89.

Clinical Significance:

    Many "abnormal podocyte cell morphology" (HP_0031265) phenotypes exist:

• Podocyte foot process effacement (HP_0031266)
• Podocyte hypertrophy (HP_0020133)
• Visceral epithelial cell detachment (HP_0033237)
• Podocyte microvillous transformation (HP_0033238)
• Podocyte myelin figures (HP_0033265)
• Glomerular pseudocrescent (HP_0033266)
• Binucleated visceral epithelial cells (HP_0033296)
• Multinucleated visceral epithelial cells (HP_0033297)
• Visceral epithelial cell hyperplasia (HP_0033314)
• Visceral epithelial hyaline droplets (HP_0033315)
• Podocyte infolding (HP_0033483)
• Podocyte cytoskeletal condensation (HP_0033492)

     Podocyte-related diseases also exist:

• lipoid nephrosis (MONDO_0006835)

References:

• Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocyte.
• Gene Ontology for podocyte: http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/search/ontology?q=podocyte.
• Ontobee search for podocyte: https://ontobee.org/search?ontology=&keywords=podocyte&submit=Search+terms.
• MGI search for podocyte: Podocyte-related mouse informatics.
• Govind D, Becker JU, Miecznikowski J, Rosenberg AZ, Dang J, Tharaux PL, Yacoub R, Thaiss F, Hoyer PF, Manthey D, Lutnick B, Worral AM, Mohammad I, Walavalkar V, Tomaszewski JE, Jen K, Sarder P. PodoSighter: A cloud-based tool for label-free podocyte detection in kidney whole-slide images. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021. 32(11):2795-2813. PMID: 34479966.

Note: Your suggestions, comments, and collaborations are welcome. Thanks!

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